In China, autism is often referred to as “the lonely disease,” while in Japan, the term translates to “intentionally shut.” Globally, there exists a widespread perception that individuals with autism are aloof, socially awkward, and isolated. This stereotype suggests they may lack the natural social instincts essential for successful interactions and even the desire to engage socially. Additionally, it is commonly believed that autism primarily affects males.
For many years, researchers have primarily focused on male subjects when studying autism, which led to a skewed understanding of the condition. However, recent findings indicate that this perspective has overlooked a significant aspect: a considerable number of women and girls with autism have gone unrecognized, denying them essential diagnoses and support. Research has revealed that the female autistic brain exhibits distinct differences from the male brain, particularly regarding social motivations and behaviors. This insight is reshaping our understanding of autism in females and prompting a thorough reevaluation of previously held beliefs.
As a neurodevelopmental condition, autism is typically diagnosed by the age of five. The standard diagnostic criteria highlight “persistent difficulties with social communication and social interaction,” along with “restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, activities, or interests that limit and impair everyday functioning.”
The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 1% of children worldwide are affected by autism, yet substantial gaps in awareness and diagnosis persist.
