Zanzibar Faces Rising Threats from Climate Change
Zanzibar’s marine-dependent economy is under increasing threat from climate change, with rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion, beach erosion, and extreme weather significantly impacting essential sectors such as fishing, tourism, and agriculture. The Coordination Officer at the Ministry of Blue Economy, Omar Mohamed, has raised alarms about the devastating effects on up to 54 percent of the population, urging immediate actions to protect livelihoods and food security.
During a recent Circular Economy workshop, Mohamed outlined the government’s proactive measures, including support for deep-sea fishing, the expansion of seaweed farming, and enhanced environmental conservation initiatives. "Coral reef destruction is hampering both tourism and fisheries, while saltwater intrusion and erratic rainfall are threatening freshwater supplies and agricultural productivity," he said.
The official also highlighted the forced displacement of coastal communities due to severe land loss and reported a significant decline in fish stocks, severely affecting fishermen’s livelihoods and overall food security. "Research and testimonies from fishermen reveal a concerning reduction in fish breeding grounds, necessitating assertive government action to revitalize the fishing sector," he added.
Hamad Bakar Hamad, the Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Blue Economy and Fisheries, reaffirmed the importance of the ocean to Zanzibar’s economy, with fishing and tourism serving as foundational pillars for social and economic growth. “These sectors support nearly two-thirds of Zanzibar’s population, where fishing contributes between 4 and 8 percent of GDP, while tourism represents more than 29 percent,” Hamad stated.
Key industries such as marine farming, seaweed cultivation, and sea cucumber harvesting are essential to Zanzibar’s economic framework. In 2024, seaweed production reached an impressive 18,000 tonnes, with 99 percent of international trade relying on marine resources.
Despite the significant economic contributions, Hamad acknowledged the sustainability challenges facing these sectors. He advocated for a shift in resource utilization methods to safeguard long-term benefits for both the environment and local communities. The government is also encouraging women in seaweed farming and fishermen to explore deeper waters to bolster fish stocks and enhance yields. "To facilitate this transition, we have provided over 1,000 boats to fishermen and seaweed farmers at zero interest," he added.
Additionally, efforts to secure better markets and develop processing industries for marine products are underway. “Our strategy ensures that women are actively involved in economic activities, equipping them with the necessary tools and opportunities to prosper in the Blue Economy,” he elaborated.
To combat these pressing challenges, Mohamed proposed expanding the Blue Economy through initiatives in seaweed farming and marine biotechnology, promoting renewable energy, and rolling out coastal protection projects. He emphasized the significance of sustainable tourism and the need to equip youth with skills for environmental conservation to combat climate change effectively.
The government remains dedicated to achieving a balance between economic development and environmental preservation, ensuring that Zanzibar’s marine resources continue to benefit communities while safeguarding them for future generations.
