The U.S. presidency is often perceived as one of the most powerful roles globally, but this was not the intention of the Founding Fathers. When the United States emerged, there was little framework laid out for the executive branch. The framers, wary of the excesses of British monarchy, were cautious about endowing the new leader with too much authority.
Brandon Rottinghaus, a political science expert, points out, “The framers never intended for the presidency to be a public office; it was initially designed as more of a clerical position overseeing the executive branch.” The transition of the presidency into a public office happened gradually rather than in a singular pivotal moment.
George Washington, the first president, recognized the potential significance of the office. Historians note that he carefully balanced strong leadership qualities while steering clear of American monarchy, setting traditions that still persist today.
As the nation approaches an important election day in the coming months, it’s crucial to reflect on the historical evolution of the presidential office and the influence of Washington on contemporary practices.
Foundational Perspectives on Executive Power
In the wake of the Revolutionary War, the Founding Fathers faced a considerable challenge in determining the nature of executive leadership. Arizona State University history professor Catherine O’Donnell explained that their prior experiences with kings and governors were not ideal models for a new republic.
Concerns about a single executive led to discussions about a collective leadership of three, but ultimately they settled on a single presidency. O’Donnell elaborated that Alexander Hamilton defended this decision in the Federalist Papers, arguing that a single executive could be more efficient and accountable to the people.
From the outset, there was evident unease surrounding the concept of a single leader. The founders preferred a president who was relatable to the populace, steering clear of any royal implications.
George Washington: A Precedent-Setting Leader
George Washington, revered as a national hero from his military leadership during the Revolutionary War, became the unanimous choice for the presidency. Denver Brunsman, a history professor, emphasized that Washington never sought the presidency, yet his esteemed reputation led to widespread consensus around his leadership.
Washington’s decisions and demeanor as the inaugural president conveyed respect and dignity. His formality also extended to how he was addressed, with the title “Mr. President” being adopted.
Continued emphasis on formality and respect marked his term, signaling the importance of the role in governance.
The presidency today reflects Washington’s foundational practices, including scheduled interactions with the public, now seen in the form of state dinners and meetings with international dignitaries.
Washington’s Cabinet decisions also diverged from British traditions by prioritizing merit over personal connections in appointing advisors, opting for qualified individuals to help run the government.
Evolution of Presidential Campaigning
Interestingly, until the 19th century, presidents did not campaign in the current sense. Candidates rarely expressed their desire for the position, as it was seen as improper. Justin Vaughn, a political science professor, noted that what we recognize today as campaigning emerged well after Washington’s presidency.
As the nation’s political landscape evolved, with the rise of political parties in the 19th century, formal campaigning took shape. Washington himself was wary of political parties, believing they could lead to divisiveness.
The 1840 election marked a turning point for presidential campaigning, introducing commercial tactics such as slogans and rallies. The Whigs used a “log cabin” theme to sell William Henry Harrison as an everyman, successfully countering assumptions of aristocracy.
Overall, Washington’s legacy influences how presidents operate in contemporary politics, reflecting a dynamic journey from cautious leadership to the openly competitive political arena we witness today.
