India and Canada have formally expelled each other’s top diplomats amid rising tensions following the assassination of a Sikh separatist on Canadian soil, a significant low point in their historically friendly relations.
This confrontation marks an unprecedented escalation, particularly notable given previous diplomatic strains that rarely led to such severe actions. Notably, the last major diplomatic fallout occurred in 1974 when India conducted a nuclear test, which Canada condemned for allegedly utilizing materials supplied for peaceful purposes.
The recent diplomatic rift intensified after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced Canadian investigations into claims of Indian agents’ involvement in the June 2023 murder of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, who India had labeled a terrorist. Investigations continue into allegations of Indian agents engaging in serious criminal activities against pro-Khalistan supporters in Canada, which India has dismissed as “preposterous.”
The tensions reflect deeper issues surrounding Sikh separatism, which has been a significant point of contention between the two nations. Canada is home to approximately 770,000 Sikhs, making up the largest Sikh diaspora globally. This demographic factor has historically influenced relations, particularly as Sikh separatism re-emerges after having seemingly faded over the years.
Experts suggest that the current crisis represents a significant downturn in Canada-India relations under Trudeau’s leadership. Analysts point out that the relationship has degraded further, particularly regarding the perception of pro-Khalistani activists, which India views as a domestic threat while Canada interprets as expressions of free speech.
As Canada prepares for upcoming elections, Trudeau faces increasing domestic pressure amid dwindling approval ratings. Recent polls indicate that only 28% of Canadians believe he deserves re-election, while India’s foreign ministry has accused Canada of prioritizing political gain over diplomatic integrity.
Despite the turmoil, the two countries share a long-standing relationship, with a sizable Indian-origin population in Canada, which remains crucial for bilateral trade and cultural exchange. However, experts warn that the road ahead looks challenging, and both nations must navigate their differences carefully to avoid further escalating tensions.
